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Jaworzyna Śląska is situated at an altitude of 212 m northwest of the county seat Świdnica in Lower Silesia.

The railway station [left] was built in 1843 for the railroad from Wrocław (Breslau) to Świdnica (Schweidnitz) and Świebodzice (Freiburg). At that time there was no village at this place so that a new place name had to be invented. Because it was believed that near this place King Friedrich II (the Great) of Prussia had set up his tent during the Seven Year's War (1756–1763), the station was named Königszelt (German for 'king's tent'). The town that soon began to develop at this place also took this name. Königszelt became an important railroad junction after the opening in 1853 of the railroad from Waldenburg (now Wałbrzych) to Liegnitz (now Legnica) and the construction in 1863 of the railroad from Waldenburg to Schweidnitz (now Świdnica) and Neiße (now Nysa). When Lower Silesia became part of Poland after World War II in 1945 Königszelt was at first renamed Jawornik Świdnicki, which was later changed to the present name, Jaworzyna Śląska.