–up–

Ships described below:

| Amerika | Bavaria II | Belfast | Cobra | Deutschland | Fürst Bismarck | Helgoland | Kaiser | Kaiser Wilhelm der Große | Kaiser Wilhelm II | Kronprinz Wilhelm | Kronprinzessin Cecilie | S.M.S. Lothringen | USS Maine | S.M.S. Oldenburg | R. B. Hayes | Schwerin | St. Lawrence | S.M.S. Wettin | not definitely identified: S.M.S. Nürnberg / Stuttgart / Stettin |

	"Amerika"  (renamed "America", renamed "Edmund B. Alexander") Glass no. 2172: In this collection allocated to: Hamburg
	The Amerika was built in 1905 for the Hamburg-Amerika (HAPAG) line by Harland & Wolff shipyards, Belfast. Launched on 20 April 1905, her maiden voyage on 11 October took her from Hamburg via Dover and Cherbourg to New York. In many ways the Amerika resembled the Harland & Wolff White Star liners "Celtic" and "Cedric", alhough she was considerably more luxurious. Her passenger accommodation, far ahead of any predecessor included such refinments as suites with a private bathroom, electric lifts, a winter garden, electrical medicinal baths and a Ritz-Carlton restaurant (the first à-la-carte restaurant on the North Atlantic). She was a 22,225 gross ton ship, length 669 ft × beam 74.3 ft, with two funnels, four masts, twin screw and a speed of 18 knots. There was passenger accommodation for 386 First, 150 Second, 222 Third and 1,750 Fourth Class. In June 1914 the Amerika inaugurated a Hamburg–Boulogne–Southampton–Boston service, but already in August of that year she was interned in Boston. Seized by the US in April 1917, she was turned over to the US Navy. Renamed America, she became a Navy Transport and sailed on nine trooping voyages from the USA to France. From February 1919 on, the America was back in service for the US Shipping Board. She sailed from New York via the Panama canal to Vladivostock, then embarked 6,500 troops for Trieste sailing via Suez. Overhauled and refitted in 1920 she returned to the New York–Europe service under charter to United States Mail Steam Ship Co. Tranferred to United States Lines in August of that year, the America sailed on the New York–Bremerhaven service. Converted from coal to oil-firing in 1921 at Brooklyn, she was refitted to carry 225 First, 425 Second Class, 1,500 Third Class, sailing New York–Plymouth–Cherbourg–Bremen service. After a refit in 1926, a large fire swept through the ship and demolition was considered. Insted she was repaired and returned to between New York and Bremen. After her final transatlantic voyage in 1913 she was laid up at Hoboken, NY, and was towed to Chesapeake Bay for lay-up, September 1932. In October 1940 she was towed to Baltimore for conversion to an accomodation ship for US Maritime Commission in St. Johns, Newfoundland, and was renamed Edmund B. Alexander, while the name "America" was transferred to the newest and largest United States liner. In 1941, the Edmund B. Alexander was again fitted out as a troop transport and began trooping from New Orleans to Panama. By 1942, her aging engines were giving only 10 knots. The US Maritime Commission sent her to Bethlehem Steel Corp. in Baltimore for an overhaul which included removing one funnel. In April 1943, she was transferred for use as US Army transport. In 1949, laid up at Baltimore, then laid up on Hudson River in 1951. In 1957 she arrived at Bethlehem Steel Corp. in Baltimore for demolition where she was finally scrapped in 1958. [Text adapted from http://www.maritimematters.com/amerika.html, http://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsA.html]
	"Bavaria II" Glass no. 1353: In this collection allocated to: Lindau (Bodensee)
	The Bavaria II began its service on the Bodensee (Lake Constance) in 1912. On the occasion of its christening, the harbour was lit with electrical lights for the first time. The ship was inactivated in 1959 and finally scrapped in 1961.
	"Belfast" Glass no. 2928: In this collection allocated to: Belfast, ME
	The steamer Belfast [left] was built in 1823 and carried passengers and freight for the Eastern Steamship Lines Inc., connecting Bangor and further downstream Penobscot River ports with Boston, Massachusetts. It suffered several accidents, among them a collision with the J.T. Morse at Rockland docks in 1910 and a collision with the Alma A.E. Holmes off the coast of Marblehead, Massachusetts, in 1914, with both incidents resulting in the sinking of the other ships. Due to the falling patronage the company abandoned the service in 1935 and the Belfast sailed for her last voyage, on December 27, to Boston, where she was tied up together with her sister ship, the Camden.
	"Cobra" Glass no. 0000: In this collection allocated to: Cuxhaven
	The side-paddle steamer Cobra [near left, no. 0000: background left] served the German seaside resorts service to Helgoland and Sylt (e.g. Westerland) from 1890. The ship was launched in 1889 at the Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company yard in Govan, Glasgow. The ship was 80.7 m long and 10.1 m wide (excluding the wheel arches ) and was measured at 987 GRT. She had room for 912 deck passengers. Her speed was 14.5 knots. In 1910, the Cobra was significantly rebuilt and modernized, making her nearly as fast as the 20-knot steam turbine ship Kaiser (see Hamburg), commissioned by HAPAG in 1905. With the outbreak of the World War I, the seaside resort service came to a standstill. After the end of the war, the Cobra was awarded to France as war reparations in 1919, but was reacquired by HAPAG in 1920 and used again on its old route until December 1921. Then she was sold to Mahr & Beyer in Wismar for scrapping and was scrapped in 1922.
	"Deutschland"  (renamed "Viktoria Luise", renamed "Hansa") Glass no. 1991: In this collection allocated to: Hamburg
	The Deutschland was built from 1898 in the Vulcan shipyards of Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland) for the HAPAG (Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft) line in order to give the line a new, fast ship that would outperform its competitors from the Norddeutscher Llyod and White Star lines. The Deutschland was launched on the 10th of January 1900. Already on its maiden journey the ship won the Blue Ribband on the 4th of July of that year with a mean speed of 22.42 knots and a journey time of 5 days, 15 hours and 46 minutes. The Blue Ribband for the westbound journey was taken by the →Kronprinz Wilhelm of the Norddeutscher Lloyd in 1902, but could be regained by the Deutschland in the following year. One of the main problems of the ship were heavy vibrations at high speeds which caused the loss of the rudder and the breaking of the cast-iron stern post in 1902 during the return journey from New York to Hamburg. Because the ship also was unprofitable since it required so much coal as fuel, the ship was decommissioned in 1910 and was remodeled into a cruise ship with less engine power. The new ship, the largest cruise ship of its time, began its service on the 23rd of September 1911 under the new name Viktoria Luise. During World War I the ship was rebuilt into an auxilliary cruiser, but it never was put into service due to insufficient power of the boiler units. Because of her bad technical condition, the Viktoria Luise was the only large German ship that was not claimed as reparation by the victorious powers and which remained under German flag. During a thorough remodeling in 1921 two of the original four funnels were removed and the ship continued her service under the name Hansa. In 1925 the ship was finally scrapped at the Vulcan shipyards of Hamburg.
	"Fürst Bismarck" Glass no. 2233: In this collection allocated to: Hann. Münden
	Steamships were used on the Weser river from 1843 onwards. For a long time travel by ship was cheaper than travel by rail so that the ships remained popular until the early 20th century. In 1851 the shipping company "Oberweser Dampfschifffahrt" offered a daily downstram connection from Hann. Münden to Hameln via Bad Karlshafen where the ships stopped to wait for the arrival of the trains from Kassel, Marburg and Eisenach. On four days a week the journey continued from Hameln to Minden and Bremen. On further seven days a month the ships were reserved for the transport of emigrants who continued there journey to the US or Canada from Bremen or Bremerhaven. The journey by ship from Hann. Münden to Bremen took three days, the onward journey to America further eight to ten days. The best-known ships on the Weser river were the paddle wheel steamers Kaiser Wilhelm (named for German Emperor Wilhelm I), Kronprinz Wilhelm (the later Emperor Wilhelm II; the ship previously had been named Meißen) and Fürst Bismarck (founder and first chancellor of the German empire). The Kaiser Wilhelm still operates as a museum ship on the river Elbe near Lauenburg, the remainders of the Kronprinz Wilhelm are exhibited in the German National Maritime Museum of Bremerhaven; the fate of the Fürst Bismarck is not known.
	"Helgoland" Glass no. 4252: In this collection allocated to: Cuxhaven
	The sea-resort ship Helgoland was built in 1939 as a turbo electric ship by the F. Lindenau shipyard in Memel (today Klaipėda, Lithuania) for the Hamburg–America Line (HAPAG). It was the largest ship ever built until then with Voith-Schneider propulsion, a propulsion device that was also suitable for steering the ship. However, this type of propulsion did not prove itself on the Helgoland. This was the reason why at the beginning of World War II the ship was not converted into a minelayer, as planned by the Reichsmarine, but was stationed in Cuxhaven as a naval barge. At the beginning of June 1945, the former seaside resort ship had to be handed over to Great Britain as reparations. Stationed still in Cuxhaven, the ship burned out in 1946. Until 1947, the Helgoland was at the Deutsche Werft in Hamburg-Finkenwerder. The ship was finally sunk in the North Sea on the orders of the Allies in 1948. [https://maritime-photographie.de/img/3871]
	"Kaiser"  (renamed "Nekrasov", renamed "Beniowski") Glass no. 2034: In this collection allocated to: Hamburg
	The Kaiser was built in 1905 at the Vulcan shipyards in Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland). The ship was originally commissioned by the Hamburger Nordsee-Linie. However, already before the ship could take up its service the company was taken over by the HAPAG line. The Kaiser was the first ship built in Germany that used turbines for propulsion. Until 1914 she was used in the North Sea serving on the route from Hamburg to Helgoland and Sylt (e.g. Westerland), and in the Adriatic between Genova and Nice. During World War I the ship was used for casting mine barriers. For tactical reasons the aft funnel was removed to alter the ship's silhouette. After the war the ship was restored but had to be handed over to Great Britain as reparation. Since the British had no use for the ship, it was repurchased by the HAPAG line which in 1921 had the Kaiser remodeled at the Vulcan shipyards of Bremen. At this occasion, the aft funnel was removed for good and the power of the ship was decreased. Until 1934 the ship again served on the line from Hamburg to Helgoland. After 1934 it was used in the Baltic Sea. During World War II the Kaiser served military purposes. In 1945 was ceded to Great Britain again, but in the following year was handed on to the USSR. The ship was at first renamed Nekrasov and later, in 1948, Beniowski after having been transfered to Polish ownership. For a short while the ship was used on the route between Sopot, Gdynia and Szczecin. In 1949 the ship was recommissioned as a training and boarding ship by the maritime school of Gdynia. In 1954 the ship was finally scrapped in Szczecin.
	"Kaiser Wilhelm der Große" Glass no. 4229: In this collection allocated to: Bremen
	The Kaiser Wilhelm der Große of the Norddeutscher Lloyd (NDL) company [left, no. 4229] was built at the Vulcan shipyards in Stettin (now Szczecin, Poland) and entered service in 1897. It was named after Wilhelm I, the first emperor of the German Empire. It was the first liner to have four funnels and is considered to be the first "superliner". The first of four sister ships built between 1903 and 1907 by NDL (the others being the →Kronprinz Wilhelm, the →Kaiser Wilhelm II and the →Kronprinzessin Cecilie), she marked the beginning of a change in the way maritime supremacy was demonstrated in Europe at the beginning of the 20th century. Quickly established on the Atlantic, she gained the Blue Riband for Germany, a notable prize for the fastest trip from Europe to America which had been previously dominated by the British. In 1900, she was damaged in a massive and lethal multi-ship fire in the port of New York. She was also in a collision in the French port of Cherbourg in 1906. With the advent of her sister ships, she was modified to an all-third-class ship to take advantage of the lucrative immigrant market travelling to the United States. Converted into an auxiliary cruiser at the outbreak of World War I, she was given orders to capture and destroy enemy ships. She destroyed several before being defeated in the Battle of Río de Oro by the British cruiser HMS Highflyer and scuttled by her crew, just three weeks after the outbreak of war. Her wreck was discovered in 1952 and partly dismantled.
	"Kaiser Wilhelm II"  (renamed "USS Agamemnon", renamed "Monticello") Glass no. 1394: In this collection allocated to: Bremerhaven
	The Kaiser Wilhelm II of the Norddeutscher Lloyd company was built in 1902 and was considerably larger (length 216 m, tonnage 19,361 gross tons) than her older sister ships, the Kaiser Wilhelm der Große and the →Kronprinz Wilhelm. It interiors were so lavishly decorated that it outmatched even those of the Kronprinz Wilhelm. However, she still could not match the →Deutschland for speed and also had a tendency to vibrate when steaming at high speed. Only after new propellers were fitted she managed to win the Blue Riband for the eastbound Atlantic crossing in 1904 with an average speed of 23.6 knots and held this record until 1907. In 1907 a fourth ship, the →Kronprinzessin Cecilie, was delivered from the Vulcan shipyards and the quartet soon had won a reputation of grandeur, reliability and speed. It did not take long before they were commonly known as "The Four Flyers". At the outbreak of World War I, the Kaiser Wilhelm II was on her way to New York and she was immediately interned by the US authorities at her pier in Hoboken. Like the Kronprinz Wilhelm, she was confiscated to become a troop transporter in 1917, now renamed USS Agamemnon. She had much less luck and was involved in several collisions and mishaps including a collision in 1917 with the USS Von Steuben (the former Kronprinz Wilhelm) and a near-collision in 1918 with the USS Mount Vernon (the former Kronprinzessin Cecilie). After the war the ship was used for repatriation voyages until 1920. After that she was laid up together with the Mount Vernon in the Patuxent River, in the backwaters of Chesapeake Bay. Renamed Monticello she remained laid up until 1940 when the two ships were offered to Great Britain for use as troop transports. Due to their bad condition the British declined to put the ships in use again. Instead, the two former ocean liners were sold to the Boston Iron & Metal Co. of Baltimore for scrapping the same year.
	"Kronprinz Wilhelm"  (renamed "USS Von Steuben") Glass no. 1425: In this collection allocated to: Bremerhaven
	The Kronprinz Wilhelm of the Norddeutscher Lloyd company was built in 1901 in the Vulcan shipyards of Stettin (now Szczecin, PL). Like the older →Kaiser Wilhelm der Große, the first four-funnel steamship built in 1897, it was a four-stacker, with the four funnels characteristically grouped in two pairs. The Norddeutscher Lloyd had commissioned the ship because the →Deutschland of the Hamburg-Amerika (HAPAG) Line took the Blue Riband from her rival in 1900. Somewhat larger (length 203 m, tonnage 14,908 gross tons) than the "Kaiser Wilhelm der Große", the Kronprinz Wilhelm outmatched the older ship when it came to the interiors. Although the Kronprinz Wilhelm (service speed 22 knots) could win back the Blue Riband for the westbound journey in 1902, the Deutschland soon regained the prize in the following year. At the beginning of World War I, the Kronprinz Wilhelm was transformed into a merchant cruiser. After eight months at sea she had captured and sunken 14 ships with a combined tonnage of 58,201. The ship, however, was in a terrible condition by then and in 1915 managed to make it into American (then still neutral) waters, where she and her crew were interned at Newport News by the US authorities. When the US entered the war in 1917 the ship was confiscated to be a troopship, now renamed USS Von Steuben. After the war the Von Steuben was handed over to the United States Shipping Board. As a result of her poor condition she remained laid up until 1923 when she was finally sold for scrap to the Boston Metal Company.
	"Kronprinzessin Cecilie"  (renamed "Mount Vernon") Glass no. 1758: In this collection allocated to: Bremerhaven
	The Kronprinzessin Cecilie was the fourth of the famous "Four Flyers" of the Norddeutscher Lloyd company. The ship, a virtual copy of the →Kaiser Wilhelm II, was built in 1907, again at the Vulcan shipyards of Stettin (Szczecin). The ship should have left on her maiden voyage from Bremerhaven in July 1907, but unfortunately she sank when still in Bremerhaven harbour. Only on the 6th of August she was finally pumped out and repaired. The lavish interiors made her a popular ship for millionaires, but she also carried many emigrants. Tickets were sold from $2,500 for first-class passengers down to a mere $25 for the cheapest accomodation. At the beginning of World War I the Kronprinzessin Cecilie was in mid-Atlantic heading for Germany. In order to avoid being confiscated when trying to enter the Baltic Sea, her captain decided to turn back for the still neutral United States. In America the ship and her crew were interned at Boston. When the United States entered the war in 1917 the ship was confiscated like both of her remaining sister ships (the →Kaiser Wilhelm der Große had been sunk in 1914). The Kronprinzessin Cecilie was renamed Mount Vernon for military purposes, and several war-time changes were made. In September 1918 the ship was hit by a German torpedo in her aft engine room while she was transporting wounded soldiers back to America. Although the explosion killed 37 men the ship managed to return to Brest, France, at a speed of 15 knots. After the war the ship remained under American authority and served as troop transporter. When World War II broke out in 1939 the Americans offered the ship to the British, but she was considered too old then. The ship remained in Chesapeake Bay until 1940, when she was finally towed away and was scrapped at Baltimore.
	"S.M.S. Lothringen" Glass no. 2150: In this collection allocated to: Kiel
	The S.M.S. Lothringen was built in 1904 in Danzig (now Gdańsk, PL). During World War I the Lothringen was used only for second-rate duties as this type of ship was already outdated at that time. The ship was taken out of service in 1920 and was finally wrecked in 1931.
	"USS Maine" Glass no. 1593: In this collection allocated to: La Habana
	The USS Maine, a 6,682-ton second-class battleship of the United States Navy, was originally designated as Armored Cruiser #1. Congress authorized her construction in 1886 and the ship was launched on November 18, 1889. Commissioned in 1895 she spent her duty along the U.S. east coast and in the Caribbean. In January 1898 the Maine was sent to Havana to protect U.S. interests during a time of insurrection and civil disturbance. Three weeks later, on the evening of February 15, the ship was sunk by an explosion. Although the exact cause is still debated it was reported at the time that a Spanish naval mine caused the explosion. The tragedy was the precipitating incident which caused the Spanish-American War that began in April of the same year and which resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and Pacific. On August 5, 1910, Congress authorized the raising of the Maine. On February 2, 1912, she was refloated and towed out to sea where she was sunk in deep water in the Gulf of Mexico on March 16, 1912. There is a memorial to the 266 men who died at the Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia.
	"S.M.S. Oldenburg" Glass no. 3606: In this collection allocated to: Wilhelmshaven
	S.M.S. Oldenburg was the fourth vessel of the Helgoland class of battleships of the Imperial German Navy. Oldenburg's keel was laid in October 1908 at the Schichau-Werke dockyard in Danzig (today Gdańsk, Poland). Named for the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, she was launched on 30 September 1909 and was commissioned into the fleet on 1 May 1912. Oldenburg was assigned to the 1st Battle Squadron of the High Seas Fleet (the primary base of which was Wihelmshaven) for the majority of her career, including World War I. Along with her three sister ships, Helgoland, Ostfriesland, and Thüringen, Oldenburg participated in all of the major fleet operations of World War I in the North Sea against the British Grand Fleet. The ship also saw action in the Baltic Sea against the Imperial Russian Navy. She was present during the unsuccessful first incursion into the Gulf of Rīga in August 1915, though she saw no combat during the operation. After the German collapse in November 1918, most of the High Seas Fleet was interned and then scuttled in Scapa Flow during the peace negotiations. The four Helgoland-class ships were allowed to remain in Germany but eventually ceded to the victorious Allied powers as war reparations; Oldenburg was given to Japan, which sold the vessel to a British ship-breaking firm in 1920. She was broken up for scrap in Dordrecht in 1921.
	"R. B. Hayes" Glass no. 2138: In this collection allocated to: Sandusky, OH
	The R. B. Hayes was built in 1876. It was used to carry passengers to the Lake Erie Islands and other ports in Lake Erie. The ship was named for Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893) who in the year of the ship's construction was elected 19th president (1876–1881) of the United States. The steamer was scrapped in 1920.
	"Schwerin" Glass no. 2593: In this collection allocated to: Rostock (Warnemünde)
	The ferry Schwerin [far left, barely visible] was commissioned in 1926 and operated on the route from Warnemünde to Gedser, Denmark. It was frequently advertised as "the White Swan of the Baltic Sea". Spacious lounges, restaurants and a promenade deck for passengers made the trip especially enjoyable. At the beginning of World War II the Schwerin was used by the German Navy for a short period of time before it returned to its comemrcial service. During the occupation of Denmark by the Wehrmacht, parts of the invasion troops were trabnsported by the Schwerin. With the occupation of Rostock and Warnemünde by Soviet troops of the ferry service was discontinued. After the ferry service was resumed in 1947 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn, it was at first tried to reactivate the Schwerin, but the plans were abandoned.
	"St. Lawrence" Tumbler no. 055: In this collection allocated to: Thousand Islands
	The Steamer St. Lawrence was launched in Clayton, NY, in 1884. The handsome side-wheeler made regular excursions throughout the islands and delivered passengers and their luggage to all the resorts and island communities. The steamer was famous for her searchlight cruises through the thousand islands. This was a very popular tour for the tourists, but the inhabitants of the illuminated summer cottages were not so happy. Owned by the Folger Brothers of Clayton, this palatial steamer was capable of carrying 900 passengers in the utmost comfort. It was one of several steamers that plied the St. Lawrence River between Massena and Clayton. Most passengers for the Thousand Islands would board at Ogdensburg, where the steamer would usually dock for the night. Her sailing days ended under the scrap-cutter's torch in 1925.
	"S.M.S. Wettin" Glass no. 2335: In this collection allocated to: Rendsburg
	The SMS Wettin was built in 1899–1901 at the Schichau shipyards in Danzig (now Gdańsk). Launched in 1901 she was commissioned in 1902. The battleship of the Wittelsbach Class had a length of 125 metres, a width of 21 metres and a draught of 7.7 metres. The ship had a displacement of 12,596 tons and sailed at a speed of 17.5 knots, her crew was ca. 680 men. With the launch of the HMS Dreadnought in 1906, this type of ship essentially became outdated. The Wettin served with the fleet until 1911 when she became an artillery training ship until 1914. In 1916 the Wettin was disarmed and soon after became an accomodation and tender at Wilhelmshaven. In 1922 the Wettin was finally scrapped at Rönnebeck (today part of Bremerhaven). The ships's bell is in the army museum at Dresden.
	not clearly identified: "S.M.S. Nürnberg", "S.M.S. Stuttgart" or "S.M.S. Stettin" Glass no. 2804: In this collection allocated to: Rendsburg
	The ship depicted on glass no. 2804 is a light cruiser of the Königsberg class, either the SMS Nürnberg (named for the city of Nuremberg), the SMS Stuttgart (named for the city of Stuttgart), or the SMS Stettin (named for the city of Stettin, today Szczecin, Poland). The ship eponymous for the cruiser class, the SMS Königsberg (named for the city of Königsberg, East Prussia, today Калининград (Kaliningrad), Russia), can be ruled out because the Königsberg, the first of the four ships of this class, had her three funnels in equally spaced positions, while the other three ships had their aft funnel placed at a somewhat larger space behind the forward two funnels, which corresponds to the ship depicted on this glass. The Nürnberg was built in 1906 by the Imperial Shipyard in Kiel, was commissioned in 1908 and was sunk on 8 December 1914 in the Battle of the Falkland Islands. The Stuttgart was built in 1906 at the Imperial Shipyard in Danzig (today Gdańsk, Poland) and was commissioned in 1908; in 1918 the ship was converted to a seaplane tender housing three sea planes, one on deck and two in hangars. In 1920 the Stuttgart was surrendered to Great Britain where she was broken up in the same year. The Stettin was built in 1907 by the Vulcan Shipyard in Danzig and was commissioned in the same year; the ship was surrendered to Great Britain in 1920 and was broken down in Copenhagen between 1921 and 1923.